The Role of Micro RNAs in Human Diseases: A Review of Current Research

Abstract

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene 
expression. Over the past decade, extensive research has revealed the intricate involvement of miRNAs in the 
pathogenesis of various human diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state 
of research on the role of miRNAs in human diseases. The review begins by elucidating the biogenesis and 
mechanisms of action of miRNAs, highlighting their ability to modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional 
level. Subsequently, it explores the diverse functions of miRNAs in normal cellular processes, emphasizing their 
regulatory roles in key signaling pathways. The main focus of the review is a detailed examination of the 
dysregulation of miRNAs in different human diseases, including but not limited to cancer, cardiovascular disorders, 
neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune conditions. For each disease category, we discuss specific miRNAs 
implicated in disease pathogenesis, their target genes, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects.